Pre-colonial Origins (circa 615-1881)
Islamic Roots
Somaliland is just one of five nations in the Horn of Africa with large ethnic Somali populations. The others are: Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya.
31%
of Ethiopia's land area, the Ogaden, is almost entirely populated by
Somalis, 60% of Djiboutians are Somali, Somalia is predominantly Somali,
and northeastern Kenya is almost exclusively Somali. Although
Somaliland has developed a distinct national identity since its
colonial experience, its story, like that of the other 4 countries with
large Somali populations, begins with the story of the Somali people.
And the story of the Somali people begins with Islam.
The
early Muslims, like the early Christians, were bitterly persecuted. In
response to the hostility Muslims faced in Arabia during the early
seventh century, the Prophet Muhammad advised many of his followers to
migrate to the Horn of Africa, a region then known for its free
governments. Many Muslims heeded the prophet's advice, establishing
settlements both in Abyssinia (what is now western Ethiopia and Eritrea)
and in lands that would become predominantly Somali (what is now
Djibouti, Somaliland, and northern Somalia). Here
they found religious freedom and security that was virtually unheard of
in Arabia, and peacefully coexisted with their Christian and
polytheistic neighbors (Elmi 49, Samatar "Somalia: The Tenets of
Islam.", Khwarazmi).